Baby rabbits, also known as kits, have very specific dietary needs depending on their age. Whether they are wild or domestic, the nutrition required for healthy growth and development differs in the early stages of their lives. Here’s a breakdown of what baby rabbits eat at various stages of their development:

1. Newborn to 3 Weeks Old (Nursing Stage)

In the first few weeks of life, baby rabbits are completely dependent on their mother’s milk for nourishment. This stage is crucial for their growth and development, and proper nutrition is essential.

1.1. Mother's Milk (Wild Rabbits)

• Wild rabbits rely solely on their mother’s milk during the first few weeks of life. The milk is rich in nutrients, providing everything the kits need for the early stages of development.
• Frequency of Nursing: The mother rabbit usually nurses her babies once or twice a day, and this is sufficient to meet their nutritional needs. Baby rabbits do not need to nurse continuously, as their mother will leave them alone most of the day.

1.2. Commercial Milk Substitute (For Orphaned Kits)

• If you find an orphaned baby rabbit, it’s important to feed them a milk substitute designed specifically for rabbits. You should never feed baby rabbits cow's milk, as it’s not nutritionally appropriate and can cause digestive issues.
• Rabbit Milk Formula: Commercial formulas like KMR (Kitten Milk Replacement) or Oxbow’s Critical Care are commonly used for orphaned baby rabbits. Always follow the vet's advice for the right product and feeding schedule.

1.3. No Solid Food Yet

• Baby rabbits in this stage should not be fed solid food, as their digestive systems are not ready to process anything other than milk. Introducing solids too early can lead to digestive distress.

2. 3 to 6 Weeks Old (Weaning Stage)

As baby rabbits grow, they begin to transition from nursing to eating solid food. At this stage, they start experimenting with different types of food while still nursing.

2.1. Fresh Hay

• Hay becomes the primary food source for baby rabbits after they begin to nibble at 3 weeks of age. At this stage, baby rabbits can start eating timothy hay, which is high in fiber and important for their digestive health.
• Alfalfa Hay: While timothy hay is best for adult rabbits, alfalfa hay is recommended for baby rabbits until they are 6 months old, as it’s higher in calories and nutrients needed during their growing phase.

2.2. Fresh Vegetables

• At around 4 weeks, baby rabbits can start being introduced to small amounts of fresh vegetables like parsley, cilantro, spinach, and dandelion greens.
• Avoid high-sugar vegetables like carrots at this stage. Focus on leafy greens that are high in fiber and easy for them to digest.

2.3. Baby Rabbit Pellets

• Baby rabbits can be introduced to pellets made for young rabbits. These pellets are typically higher in protein and calcium, which are necessary for their growth.
• Pellet Quality: Look for high-fiber pellets that do not contain added sugars or artificial ingredients. Oxbow and Sherwood Pet Health are popular and reliable brands for rabbit pellets.

2.4. Keep Water Available

• Fresh water should always be available to baby rabbits, especially once they start eating solid food. Offer water in a shallow bowl or a bottle designed for small animals.

3. 6 to 12 Weeks Old (Transition to Adult Diet)

At around 6 weeks old, baby rabbits are fully weaned from their mother and can start eating more substantial amounts of solid food.

3.1. Hay

• Timothy hay should remain the main part of their diet at this stage. Baby rabbits should have unlimited access to hay to support their growing digestive systems and maintain proper dental health.

3.2. Fresh Vegetables

• At this age, you can introduce a wider variety of fresh vegetables into their diet. Continue offering leafy greens and introduce carrot tops, broccoli, and bell peppers. However, avoid giving them too many sugary vegetables like carrots and corn.

3.3. Baby Rabbit Pellets

• You can continue feeding pellets formulated for young rabbits until they are around 6 months old. After 6 months, you can switch them to adult rabbit pellets, which contain less protein and calcium.

3.4. Avoid Certain Foods

• Fruits: At this stage, fruits like apple slices, berries, and bananas can be introduced, but only in moderation. Too much sugar can upset their stomach and lead to obesity.
• Treats: Be cautious with commercial rabbit treats, as many contain too much sugar or preservatives.

4. 12 Weeks and Older (Adult Diet)

By 12 weeks of age, baby rabbits are ready to fully transition to an adult rabbit diet.

4.1. Hay

• Hay should remain the staple of your rabbit's diet throughout their life. At this stage, they should be eating mostly timothy hay or other high-fiber hays like meadow hay and orchard grass.

4.2. Fresh Vegetables

• Offer a variety of leafy greens like kale, mustard greens, arugula, and romaine lettuce. You can also add more vegetables like bell peppers and cucumbers.

4.3. Pellets

• By now, baby rabbits should be eating adult rabbit pellets, which contain a balanced level of protein and fiber. Make sure the pellets you offer are high in fiber and do not contain artificial additives or excessive amounts of seeds.

4.4. Fruits and Treats (In Moderation)

• You can offer fruits like apples, strawberries, and mangoes in small amounts as occasional treats. Keep in mind that treats should be given sparingly, as excess sugar can cause gastrointestinal issues or obesity.

5. Things to Avoid Feeding Baby Rabbits

Certain foods can be harmful to baby rabbits and should be avoided:

• Lettuce (especially iceberg lettuce): It has little nutritional value and can cause diarrhea.
• Grains, seeds, or nuts: These can upset their digestive systems.
• Cabbage: In large amounts, it can cause gas and bloating.
• High-sugar foods: Like fruits and treats in excess, which can lead to digestive problems.

Conclusion

Feeding baby rabbits requires careful attention to their age and developmental stage. During the first few weeks, they rely on their mother's milk, transitioning to solid foods like hay, vegetables, and pellets as they grow. By 6 weeks, they can eat a balanced diet that includes fresh hay, vegetables, and rabbit-specific pellets. Make sure to avoid harmful foods like lettuce, grains, and sugary treats, and always provide fresh water to keep them hydrated.

If you ever have concerns about feeding or the health of a baby rabbit, don’t hesitate to consult a veterinarian for guidance. Proper nutrition is key to raising a healthy and happy rabbit!