If you find a baby rabbit without its mother, it is crucial to provide the proper care and nutrition to ensure its survival and healthy development. Baby rabbits are delicate and require specific types of food, as their digestive systems are very sensitive, especially in the first few weeks of life. Here’s a comprehensive guide on what to feed baby rabbits without a mother.

1. Do Not Feed Cow’s Milk

While it might seem like a good idea to give a baby rabbit cow’s milk, this is extremely harmful to them. Cow’s milk is not nutritionally suited for rabbits and can cause severe digestive problems, including diarrhea, which can be fatal for a baby rabbit. Always avoid giving them cow’s milk or other dairy products.

2. Kitten Milk Replacer

The best option for feeding baby rabbits without a mother is kitten milk replacer. This is a specially formulated milk substitute designed to mimic the nutrients found in a mother cat's milk. It’s rich in fat and protein, which are essential for the growth and development of baby rabbits.

• Recommended Brand: Look for KMR (Kitten Milk Replacer) or another reputable brand that is specifically designed for kittens. KMR is the closest alternative to rabbit milk, though it is still best to consult a vet for guidance on proper feeding.
• How to Feed: Use a small syringe or baby bottle designed for small animals. A syringe allows you to feed the baby rabbit in small, controlled amounts. Be very gentle and never force-feed the baby rabbit, as this can cause aspiration (milk going into the lungs) or injury.

3. Feeding Schedule for Baby Rabbits

The feeding schedule will vary depending on the age of the baby rabbit, but here’s a general guideline for newborn to 6-week-old kits:

Newborn to 1 Week Old:

• Feed the baby rabbit every 2-3 hours, including at night.
• Use a syringe or small bottle with kitten milk replacer.
• Feed small amounts—about 1-2 ml per feeding for each kit.
• Keep the baby rabbit warm and comfortable.

1 to 2 Weeks Old:

• Continue feeding every 3-4 hours.
• You can gradually increase the amount to about 2-5 ml per feeding.
• Babies this age are still dependent on milk but may start to nibble on some solid food, like hay.

2 to 3 Weeks Old:

• Continue feeding the rabbit every 4-6 hours.
• You can offer some hay or soft vegetables (like leafy greens) in addition to the milk replacer. Start offering a small amount of timothy hay and small pieces of fresh veggies.
• Gradually increase the volume of milk replacer.

3 to 4 Weeks Old:

• Feed every 6 hours.
• By this stage, they can begin to nibble on solid food like hay, fresh greens (e.g., parsley, cilantro, dandelion leaves), and small amounts of pellets.
• Start weaning them off the milk replacer, offering it less frequently.

4 to 6 Weeks Old:

• By now, baby rabbits should be fully transitioned to solid foods. You can continue offering fresh hay, leafy greens, and pellets.
• They should still be getting some milk replacer, but gradually reduce the amount.

After 6 Weeks:

• Baby rabbits should no longer need milk replacer at this point and should be fully weaned onto solid foods, including unlimited timothy hay, fresh vegetables, and rabbit pellets.

4. How to Feed Baby Rabbits

• Positioning: Hold the baby rabbit gently in your hands, supporting its body. You want to feed them in a natural, sitting-up position to prevent aspiration.
• Feeding Technique: Place the syringe or bottle near the bunny’s mouth, allowing it to suckle on its own. Never force-feed as this can lead to choking or aspiration.
• Small and Frequent Feedings: Baby rabbits have tiny stomachs, so feed small amounts frequently. Overfeeding or underfeeding can both lead to serious health issues.

5. Additional Care for Baby Rabbits

• Warmth: Baby rabbits can easily get cold, which can cause them to become weak or even die. Keep them in a warm, comfortable environment. You can place a warm water bottle wrapped in a towel near them, but ensure it is not too hot.
• Stimulation: Baby rabbits need help to urinate and defecate until they are around 3 weeks old. After feeding, gently rub their genital area with a soft, damp cloth or cotton ball to stimulate them. This mimics the mother rabbit’s grooming behavior.
• Hygiene: Keep the baby rabbit’s bedding clean and ensure they have access to fresh, clean water at all times.

6. Signs of Illness or Trouble

Keep an eye out for signs that the baby rabbit may not be feeding properly or is unwell. Some common signs of trouble include:

• Lethargy or lack of movement.
• Refusing to nurse.
• Diarrhea (this can be a sign of improper feeding or illness).
• Abnormal breathing or difficulty breathing.
• Weight loss or failure to gain weight.

If you notice any of these symptoms, contact a veterinarian who specializes in rabbits immediately for guidance.

7. Transitioning to Solid Foods

At about 3-4 weeks, baby rabbits begin to nibble on solid food. At this point, you should introduce them to:

• Timothy hay (this is crucial for proper digestion and dental health).
• Fresh greens, such as parsley, cilantro, dandelion leaves, and romaine lettuce.
• Rabbit pellets formulated for young rabbits.

Make sure to offer these foods in small quantities and gradually increase as they start eating more.

Conclusion

If you find yourself caring for a baby rabbit without its mother, the key to successful hand-rearing is to provide kitten milk replacer, warmth, and gentle care. Keep a regular feeding schedule, monitor for signs of illness, and provide solid food as they grow. With the right attention and care, your baby rabbit can grow healthy and strong, eventually transitioning to solid foods and gaining independence. Always remember to consult a veterinarian for any concerns or questions about your baby rabbit’s care.